The Applications of Polyurethane Elastomer

Polyurethane elastomer is a high-performance elastomer, also known as polyurethane rubber, which is a type of elastic polymer material containing more carbamate groups (NHCOO) in the molecular chain.

From the perspective of molecular structure, polyurethane is a block polymer. Generally, the soft segment is formed by the flexible long chain of oligomer polyol, and the hard segment is formed by diisocyanate and chain extender. The hard segment and the soft segment alternate to form a repeating structure. unit. In addition to urethane groups, polyurethane elastomers also contain ether, ester or urea groups. Due to the existence of a large number of polar groups, hydrogen bonds can be formed in and between polyurethane molecules, and the soft and hard segments can form microphase regions and produce microscopic phase separation. Even linear polyurethanes can form physical crosslinks through hydrogen bonding. These structural characteristics make polyurethane elastomers have excellent wear resistance and toughness, and are known as "wear-resistant rubber". And because there are many types of polyurethane raw materials, the types and proportions of raw materials can be adjusted, products with different performance ranges can be made, and various processing methods make polyurethane elastomers suitable for many application fields.

Although the proportion of polyurethane elastomer production in the total polyurethane products is not large, it is an indispensable and important polyurethane material, and it is also a kind of high-performance special synthetic rubber.

Polyurethane elastomer has excellent comprehensive performance, and its modulus is between ordinary rubber and plastic. It has the following characteristics: high strength and elasticity, and can be used in a wide range of hardness (Shore A10~Shore D75) Maintain high elasticity; under the same hardness, it has higher load-carrying capacity than other elastomers; its excellent wear resistance is 5 to 10 times that of natural rubber; it has excellent resistance to oil and chemicals; aromatic polyurethane is resistant to radiation; Excellent oxygen and ozone resistance; good fatigue resistance and vibration resistance, suitable for high-frequency flexural applications; good impact resistance; good low temperature flexibility; generally, the required flexible materials can be obtained without plasticizers, Therefore, there is no problem caused by the migration of plasticizers; ordinary polyurethane cannot be used above 100°C, but with a special formula, it can withstand high temperatures of 140°C; molding and processing costs are low.

In many cases, compared with metal materials, polyurethane elastomer products have the advantages of light weight, low noise, wear resistance, low processing costs and corrosion resistance; compared with plastics, polyurethane elastomers have the advantages of not being brittle and wear-resistant. advantage. Compared with conventional rubber, polyurethane elastomers have the following advantages: abrasion resistance, cut resistance, tear resistance, high load-bearing capacity, transparent or translucent, ozone resistance, potting and pouring, and a wide range of hardness.

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